Indicator 2d

The teacher guide includes an explicit 'Balancing Rigor' section [E1] and names all three aspects present independently—activities devoted to 'developing a concept, others to mastering a procedural skill, yet others to applying mathematics to a real-world problem' [E3], with dedicated fluency items targeting key grade fluencies [E4], mastery work [E5], and end-of-unit real-world application lessons [E11]. The materials also engage multiple aspects simultaneously, stating the three aspects 'are interwoven' [E3] and 'interconnected: procedural fluency is supported by understanding, and deep understanding often requires procedural fluency' [E6], using anchor contexts to motivate new concepts [E11]. This structural evidence shows both independent presence and simultaneous engagement to develop understanding of single topics across the grade.